Accepted
at 7:10 a.m. Feb, 13, 2024
by
Tahseen
Author:
Tahseen
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| Parkinson-Plus Syndromes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type | Dementia with Lewy bodies | Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | Progressive supranuclear palsy | Corticobasal degeneration (CBD) |
| Definition | Parkinsonism and dementia <1 year apart | Neurodegeneration of the substantia nigra | Neurodegeration of the midbrain-diencephalic junction, cerebellum, and cortex (mildly) | Neurodegeneration of cortex and basal ganglia |
| Important Clinical Signs | Dementia, Parkinsonism, Visual hallucinations | Motor abnormalities, Autonomic dysfunction (incontinence, orthostatic hypotension), cerebellar dysfunction | Vertical gaze palsy (esp downward gaze), Postural instability (↑ falls) | Alien limb phenomenon (can't recognize own limb), asymmetric motor apraxia |
| Pathology/Imaging | Lewy bodies in cortex | Hot cross bun sign on MRI | Hummingbird sign on MRI | Asymmetric cortical atrophy + bilateral basal ganglia atrophy |
Image description: "In contrast to PSP, we don't see the humming bird sign, because the midbrain has a normal convex upper border. The so-called 'hot cross bun sign', which is a result of pontine hyperintensity, is typical for MSA-C."
Image(s) provided by www.radiologyassistant.nl. Used with permission.
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