Rejected
at 6:58 p.m. Dec, 19, 2023 ]
by
Cameron
Author:
sam
Rationale for change
Add one by one
Rejection reason
No need, only 3 clozes per card
Current
Suggested
One by one
One by one
One by one
One by one
Text
{{c1::Multiple system atrophy (MSA)::What condition?}} involves 2/3 of:
- {{c2::Motor abnormalities (Parkinsonian)::M}}
- {{c2::"S"erebellar (cerebellar) ataxia::"S"}}
- {{c2::Autonomic insufficiency (orthostatic hypotension, incontinence)::A}}
Extra
| Parkinson-Plus Syndromes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type | Dementia with Lewy bodies | Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | Progressive supranuclear palsy | Corticobasal degeneration (CBD) |
| Definition | Parkinsonism and dementia <1 year apart | Neurodegeneration of the substantia nigra | Neurodegeration of the midbrain-diencephalic junction, cerebellum, and cortex (mildly) | Neurodegeneration of cortex and basal ganglia |
| Important Clinical Signs | Dementia, Parkinsonism, Visual hallucinations | Motor abnormalities, Autonomic dysfunction (incontinence, orthostatic hypotension), cerebellar dysfunction | Vertical gaze palsy (esp downward gaze), Postural instability (↑ falls) | Alien limb phenomenon (can't recognize own limb), asymmetric motor apraxia |
| Pathology/Imaging | Lewy bodies in cortex | Hot cross bun sign on MRI | Hummingbird sign on MRI | Asymmetric cortical atrophy + bilateral basal ganglia atrophy |
Image description: "In contrast to PSP, we don't see the humming bird sign, because the midbrain has a normal convex upper border. The so-called 'hot cross bun sign', which is a result of pontine hyperintensity, is typical for MSA-C."
Image(s) provided by www.radiologyassistant.nl. Used with permission.
Lecture Notes
Empty field
Missed Questions
Empty field
Pathoma
Empty field
Boards and Beyond
Empty field
First Aid
Empty field
Sketchy
Empty field
Sketchy 2
Empty field
Sketchy Extra
Empty field
Picmonic
Empty field
Pixorize
Physeo
Empty field
Bootcamp
Empty field
OME
Additional Resources
