fa 2023 pg 570
https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/opioids/
both sources place butorphanol and nalbuphine in same group with same mechanism of action i.e. kappa agonist and mew receptor partial agonist
acording to amboss pentazocine is a synthetic opioid that functions as an agonist at the kappa opioid receptors and sigma receptors with weak antagonist action at the mu opioid receptors.
i have also submitted changes to card about Pentazocine and nalbuphine and made it about butorphanol and nalbuphine(ankihub id b99430a4-ff84-4362-af13-0b66879d69f3)
Overly complicated for incredibly low-yield topic. Per AMBOSS chart, current version of cards is accurate (nalbuphine and pentazocine can be antagonists or partial agonists, butorphanol is only partial agonist)













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