Rejected
at 10:35 p.m. Feb, 21, 2025 ]
by
andrewmathias8
Author:
adavis98
Rationale for change
Make this a one-by-one card
Rejection reason
Change is being considered in a different, open suggestion. Thanks!
Current
Suggested
One by one
One by one
One by one
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Text
{{c1::Multiple system atrophy (MSA)::What condition?}} involves at least two of the following:
- {{c2::Motor abnormalities (Parkinsonian)::M}}
- {{c2::"S"erebellar (cerebellar) ataxia::"S"}}
- {{c2::Autonomic insufficiency (orthostatic hypotension, incontinence)::A}}
Extra
| Parkinson-Plus Syndromes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type | Dementia with Lewy bodies | Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | Progressive supranuclear palsy | Corticobasal degeneration (CBD) |
| Definition | Parkinsonism and dementia < 1 year apart | Neurodegeneration of the substantia nigra | Neurodegeration of the midbrain-diencephalic junction, cerebellum, and cortex (mildly) | Neurodegeneration of cortex and basal ganglia |
| Important Clinical Signs | Dementia, Parkinsonism, Visual hallucinations | Motor abnormalities, Autonomic dysfunction (incontinence, orthostatic hypotension), cerebellar dysfunction | Vertical gaze palsy (esp downward gaze), Postural instability (↑ falls) | Alien limb phenomenon (can't recognize own limb), asymmetric motor apraxia |
| Pathology/Imaging | Lewy bodies in cortex | Hot cross bun sign on MRI | Hummingbird sign on MRI | Asymmetric cortical atrophy + bilateral basal ganglia atrophy |
Image description: "In contrast to PSP, we don't see the humming bird sign, because the midbrain has a normal convex upper border. The so-called 'hot cross bun sign', which is a result of pontine hyperintensity, is typical for MSA-C."
Image(s) provided by www.radiologyassistant.nl. Used with permission.
Lecture Notes
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Missed Questions
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Pathoma
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Boards and Beyond
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First Aid
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Sketchy
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Sketchy 2
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Sketchy Extra
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Picmonic
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Pixorize
Review Multiple System Atrophy
Review Multiple System Atrophy
Physeo
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Bootcamp
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OME
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