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at 12:46 a.m. Nov, 01, 2023
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How is megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B12 vs. folate deficiency differentiated (symptom and molecule)?
{{c1::vitamin B12 = neurological dysfunction; methylmalonic acid (MMA)}}
Extra

- VItamin B12 and folate deficiency both have high homocysteine; only vitamin B12 deficiency has high MMA
- Vitamin B12 is involved in: DNA synthesis, protein synthesis and methylation (methionine regeneration), prevention of homocysteine accumulation, oxidation of odd chain fatty acids, and catabolism of ketogenic amino acids
Vitamin B12 is a cofactor for 2 enzymes in the forms:
- Methionine synthase: methylcobalamin
- Methylmalonyl CoA mutase: 5' deoxyadenosylcobalamin
- Vitamin B12 is involved in: DNA synthesis, protein synthesis and methylation (methionine regeneration), prevention of homocysteine accumulation, oxidation of odd chain fatty acids, and catabolism of ketogenic amino acids
Vitamin B12 is a cofactor for 2 enzymes in the forms:
- Methionine synthase: methylcobalamin
- Methylmalonyl CoA mutase: 5' deoxyadenosylcobalamin

Photo credit: Zachary P. Christensen, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
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Watch associated Bootcamp video - Vitamins: Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)
Watch associated Bootcamp video - Macrocytic Anemia: Folate (Vitamin B9) Deficiency
Watch associated Bootcamp video - Macrocytic Anemia: Cobalamin (Vitamin B12) Deficiency
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Watch associated Bootcamp video - Macrocytic Anemia: Cobalamin (Vitamin B12) Deficiency
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