R binder is produced in the stomach but the binding with B12 happens in the duodenum (with the action of trypsins)
Here is the text from amboss
"Absorption
Stomach: Cobalamin is released from ingested proteins by pepsin and binds to the glycoprotein haptocorrin (R-protein), which protects it from gastric acid. [20]
Duodenum: Cobalamin is released from haptocorrin by trypsin and binds to intrinsic factor (IF), a protein produced by the parietal cells of the stomach that facilitates cobalamin absorption in the ileum.
Terminal ileum: cubilin receptor‐mediated endocytosis of the intrinsic factor-cobalamin complex → breakdown of IF in enterocytes, release of cobalamin, followed by binding to carrier protein transcobalamin II and then enters the plasma → cobalamin is either delivered to metabolically active tissues or stored in the liver"
Source: AMBOSS - https://next.amboss.com/us/article/Ao0ReS?q=vitamin%20b12#MpcMJW0